CBSE Three-Language Policy under NEP 2020

The implementation of the three-language formula by CBSE under the National Education Policy 2020 has triggered controversy across states. While the policy promotes multilingualism and requires students to learn three languages (with at least two being Indian), concerns have been raised regarding possible language imposition, especially Hindi, and the autonomy of states in deciding language education. The Centre has clarified that the policy is flexible and no language will be imposed, but debates continue over its practical implementation and impact on India’s linguistic diversity.

Core Requirement:

Students must learn 3 languages

At least 2 must be Indian languages

Key Features:

Emphasis on mother tongue/regional language in early education

English may be treated as a foreign language in some cases

Flexibility given to states, schools, and students

Reason for Controversy:

Concerns of Hindi imposition in non-Hindi states

Debate over Centre vs State powers (federalism)

Implementation challenges in linguistically diverse regions

Political and public opposition in some states

About NEP 2020:

Approved on 29 July 2020

Replaced National Policy on Education, 1986

Aim: Transform India into a global knowledge superpower

Language Policy Highlights:

Three-language formula (flexible, not compulsory language choice)

Medium of instruction:

Preferably mother tongue till Grade 5 (or beyond)

No language to be imposed (official clarification)

Important Concepts:

Concurrent List: Education is under both Centre & State (important for polity questions)

Multilingualism: Promotes cultural diversity and national integration