The Fossil Fuel Treaty seeks to complement the Paris Agreement by ending new fossil expansion, phasing out existing production, and supporting a just transition. It targets the widening production gap but faces resistance from major producers. For India, it poses a tough balance between climate goals and coal-dependent development. At theCOP30 Climate Summit in Belem, Brazil, Cambodia officially joined a coalition of 17 other nations advocating for a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty
What is Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty?
It is a global initiative calling for an international,legally-binding frameworkto manage a fair and equitable global transition away from coal, oil, and gas
It aims to complement the2015 Paris Agreement which lacks specific mechanisms to regulate the production and supply of fossil fuels.
Goal:To stop the expansion of new fossil fuel projects, phase out existing production in line with the1.5°C climate target, and accelerate a just transition to renewable energy.
Growing Support:As of October 2025, it is supported by a bloc of17 nation-states, also endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Parliament.
The Three Pillars of the Proposed Treaty
The treaty is designed around three interconnected pillars to address the source of the majority of global CO2 emissions.
- Non-Proliferation:Halt all new coal, oil, and natural gas exploration and production to prevent further expansion of the problem.
- A Fair Phase-Out:Phase out fossil fuel stockpiles and production, with developed nations leading the equitable transition.
- A Just Transition:Ensure a just transition to a low-carbon economy, fair to workers and communities, for a peaceful, people-centered future.
IAS-2026 - OPTIONAL / GEOGRAPHY / PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION / SOCIOLOGY / ANTHROPOLOGY / ORIENTATION ON 03 & 04-10-2025 
