Science & Technology Current Affairs Analysis
Why in news?
India's plans to launch a quantum satellite in the next 2-3 years to enable quantum communications reflect the country's growing interest in the field of Quantum Technologies (QT). The satellite would enhance security for data transmission, leveraging the principles of quantum physics to protect information from potential cyber threats.
National Quantum Mission (NQM):
The National Quantum Mission (NQM), with a total outlay of ₹6003.65 crore over eight years (2023-2031), aims to establish India as a leader in quantum technology. Conceptualized by the Prime Minister Science Technology Advisory Council (PM-STIAC), the mission focuses on scientific and industrial research and development, and the creation of an innovative ecosystem in quantum technology.
Key components of the mission include the establishment of four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) in the following areas:
What is a Quantum Satellite?
A quantum satellite is designed to use the principles of quantum physics to ensure secure data transmission. In the era of quantum computing, traditional cryptographic systems are at risk of being compromised, making quantum cryptography an essential tool for future-proof security in communications. Quantum satellites are particularly geared toward Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), which enhances communication security by detecting eavesdropping attempts.
How Does Quantum Communication Secure Messages?
Global Scenario:
Challenges with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD):
Despite its promise, QKD faces several challenges:
Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) as an Alternative:
In light of the challenges associated with QKD, the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) recommends post-quantum cryptography (PQC). Unlike QKD, which relies on quantum principles, PQC employs classical encryption methods that are designed to resist attacks from both classical and quantum computers. This provides a more robust solution for secure data transmission.
Conclusion:
India’s upcoming quantum satellite project is a significant step toward enhancing data security through quantum communication. While quantum key distribution presents immense potential, its challenges need to be addressed for practical implementation. In the meantime, post-quantum cryptography offers a viable alternative to safeguard data against future quantum computing threats. As quantum technologies evolve, these initiatives position India at the forefront of global scientific advancements in secure communication systems.