What is a VPN?
- A VPN is a technology that creates a secure, encrypted connection over the internet between a device (computer, smartphone) and a network (e.g., corporate network, the internet).
- It allows users to send and receive data securely as if they were directly connected to the private network.
Key Features
- Encryption: Protects data from being intercepted by hackers or third parties.
- IP Masking / Anonymity: Hides the user’s real IP address; assigns a virtual IP from another region.
- Secure Access: Enables access to restricted networks (e.g., corporate intranet) remotely.
- Data Integrity: Ensures data is not altered in transit.
How VPN Works
- Device connects to VPN server.
- VPN encrypts outgoing data.
- Data passes through the public internet securely.
- VPN server decrypts the data and forwards it to the destination server.
Essentially, VPN creates a “private tunnel” within the public internet.
Types of VPN
- Remote Access VPN: Connects individual users to a private network (e.g., employees working from home).
- Site-to-Site VPN: Connects multiple networks over the internet (e.g., branch offices).
- Client-based VPN: Requires software installed on the user’s device.
- Browser-based VPN: Works via browser extensions.
Uses / Importance
- Cybersecurity: Prevents data theft and snooping.
- Bypassing Geo-restrictions: Access region-restricted websites.
- Corporate Connectivity: Secure remote working.
- Privacy Protection: Masks location and browsing habits.
IAS-2026 - OPTIONAL / GEOGRAPHY / PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION / SOCIOLOGY / ANTHROPOLOGY / ORIENTATION ON 03 & 04-10-2025 
