Subject: GS Paper II (International Relations) UPSC Relevance: Bilateral relations, West Asian stability, and resource security.
- Geopolitics of the Levant: Jordan is a "Buffer State" in a volatile region. Marking 75 years of ties, the 2025 visit shifts focus from simple trade to a Strategic Roadmap.
- The Fertilizer Security Pillar:
- India is the world's largest consumer of Urea and DAP. Jordan possesses massive reserves of Rock Phosphate and Potash.
- The 2025 statement outlines "Long-term Offtake Agreements," meaning India secures its food security (fertilizer input) regardless of global price hikes.
- Counter-Terrorism & The Aqaba Process: Jordan is a lead proponent of the "Amman Message," which promotes tolerance. Both nations have agreed to institutionalize intelligence sharing to combat the spread of radicalization in the Indo-Pacific and West Asian regions.
- Digital Transformation: India is offering to export its Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)—the India Stack (UPI, Aadhaar)—to Jordan to help modernize its economy.
- Palestine Issue: Both nations reiterated the Two-State Solution, emphasizing Jordan's role as the Custodian of the Holy Sites in Jerusalem.
IAS-2026 - OPTIONAL / GEOGRAPHY / PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION / SOCIOLOGY / ANTHROPOLOGY / ORIENTATION ON 03 & 04-10-2025 
