In News: The Supreme Court of India recently declined to entertain a petition challenging the practice of VIP darshan at Shri Mahakaleshwar Temple, Ujjain, observing that courts are not meant to regulate temple entry or darshan protocols, unless there is a clear constitutional violation.
About Mahakaleshwar Temple
Basic Information
- Location: Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh
- River: Situated on the banks of the Shipra (Kshipra) River
- Deity: Lord Shiva (as Mahakaleshwar – “Lord of Time”)
- Religious Significance: One of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva, making it among the most sacred Shaivite shrines in India
Historical Background
- The temple has ancient origins, with references found in:
- Puranas
- Other Hindreligious texts
- The celebrated Sanskrit poet Kalidasa mentions Ujjain and Mahakaleshwar in his literary works, highlighting its cultural and spiritual prominence.
- The temple has been destroyed and rebuilt multiple times due to invasions and natural decay.
- The present structure was constructed in the 18th century by Ranoji Shinde, a Maratha ruler and founder of the Scindia dynasty.
Unique Religious Features
- The Jyotirlinga at Mahakaleshwar is Swayambhu (self-manifested).
- It is believed to be the only Jyotirlinga facing south (Dakshinamurti), symbolising Shiva as the lord of death and time.
- The temple is especially famous for the Bhasma Aarti, a pre-dawn ritual performed using sacred ash.
Architectural Features
Architectural Style
- A blend of:
- Maratha
- Bhumija
- Chalukya architectural styles
Structural Layout
- The temple complex is spread over five levels, including:
- One underground level, housing the main sanctum
- Key components:
- Garbha Griha (Sanctum Sanctorum): Houses the Jyotirlinga
- Sabha Mandap: Assembly hall used for rituals and gatherings
Artistic Elements
- Intricately carved pillars
- Ornate ceilings
- Sculptures depicting:
- Hinddeities
- Mythological narratives
- A towering Shikhara (spire) that dominates the skyline
Cultural & Civilisational Importance
- Ujjain was one of the Sapta Puri (seven sacred cities) of Hinduism.
- Historically served as a:
- Major religious centre
- Hub of astronomy and learning (linked with ancient Indian timekeeping and the Prime Meridian of India)
- Mahakaleshwar represents the Shaivite tradition deeply embedded in Indian civilisation.
IAS-2026 - OPTIONAL / GEOGRAPHY / PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION / SOCIOLOGY / ANTHROPOLOGY / ORIENTATION ON 03 & 04-10-2025 
