\
The Supreme Court of India has directed the Central Government to set up a tribunal to resolve the long-standing Pennaiyar river water dispute between Tamil Nadand Karnataka.
The court said the tribunal must be officially notified and formed within one month.
What is the Pennaiyar River Dispute?
The Pennaiyar river flows from Karnataka to Tamil Nadu.
Both states depend on this river for water, especially for farming and drinking purposes.
Why are Tamil Nadand Karnataka fighting?
Karnataka has built check dams and small structures on the river to store and use water within its state.
Tamil Nadsays these structures reduce the natural flow of water reaching its areas.
Because of less water, Tamil Nadfarmers face irrigation problems, especially during dry seasons.
What does Tamil Nadwant?
Tamil Nadwants:
Fair sharing of river water.
Control or regulation on Karnataka’s construction activities on the river.
What does Karnataka say?
Karnataka argues that:
It has the right to use river water within its territory.
The structures are for local development and water needs.
Why couldn’t the states solve it themselves?
Talks and discussions between the two states failed to reach an agreement.
So, the issue went to the Supreme Court.
Way Forward:
Form the tribunal quickly as ordered by the Supreme Court.
Decide water sharing using scientific data.
Stop new water structures until the dispute is settled.
Ensure cooperation between Tamil Nadand Karnataka.
Promote water-saving irrigation in both states.
IAS-2026 - OPTIONAL / GEOGRAPHY / PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION / SOCIOLOGY / ANTHROPOLOGY / ORIENTATION ON 03 & 04-10-2025 
