Context: SC: “Artificial Intelligence Will Not Replace Judicial Decision-Making in India”.
Current and Potential Use of AI in Judicial Administration
1. Enhancing Access to Justice
- AI-enabled tools like legal chatbots and virtual assistants support litigants by:
oOffering preliminary consultations
oHelping them navigate basic legal procedures
2. Improving Judicial Productivity
- AI systems can assist judges by:
oIdentifying genuine appeal cases
oProviding automated transcription
oSummarising and analysing precedents
- Example: Brazil’s VICTOR AI helps the Supreme Court automatically process appeals for admissibility.
3. Tackling Judicial Backlog
- AI can automate routine administrative tasks in courts:
oCase management
oDocument processing
oPredictive analytics for case prioritisation
- Example: Greece uses AI for automated document processing, improving disposal rates.
Concerns Highlighted by the Supreme Court
1. Hallucinations and Inaccurate Outputs
- GenAI tools may generate fabricated case laws, fictitious judgments, or misleading legal analysis.
- Example: A UK High Court incident where lawyers inadvertently submitted AI-generated arguments citing non-existent cases.
2. Risk of Bias and Disparate Treatment
- If improperly designed or trained on skewed datasets, AI tools may reinforce bias, leading to uneven treatment of individuals or groups.
3. Lack of Algorithmic Transparency
- Many AI models operate as “black boxes,” making it difficult to:
oVerify fairness
oUnderstand the reasoning behind outputs
oEnsure accountability
IAS-2026 - OPTIONAL / GEOGRAPHY / PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION / SOCIOLOGY / ANTHROPOLOGY / ORIENTATION ON 03 & 04-10-2025 
