Context: Recent reports indicate a rise in migratory bird numbers at Sultanpur National Park as winter approaches, highlighting its continuing importance as a wetland ecosystem along the Central Asian Flyway.
Location & Geography
Situated in Gurgaon district, Haryana, about 46 km from Delhi.
Total area: 1.42 sq. km, with a core area of 1.21 sq. km encompassing Sultanpur Lake/Jheel.
Wetland Type: Seasonal freshwater lake with fluctuating water levels; fed by the Yamuna’s Gurgaon canal and overflow from agricultural lands.
Historical Significance
Formerly known as Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary.
Gained prominence in the late 1960s due to conservation efforts by Peter Michel Jackson and Dr. Salim Ali.
Recognised as a Ramsar Site in 2021.
Designated as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International.
Flora
- Vegetation: Tropical and dry deciduous.
- Key species: Dhok, Khair, Tendu, Ber, Jamun, Banyan, Neem, Berberis, Acacia nilotica, Acacia tortilis.
Fauna
Birds
- Over 320 species recorded; vital wintering ground along the Central Asian Migratory Flyway.
- Winter Migrants: Greater Flamingos, Northern Pintails, Eurasian Wigeons, Common Teals, Bar-headed Geese.
- Resident Birds: Indian Peafowl, Red-wattled Lapwings, Cattle Egrets, White-throated Kingfishers.
- Rare/Threatened Species: Sarus Crane, Black-necked Stork, Indian Courser.
Other Fauna
- Mammals: Nilgai, Sambar, Golden Jackals, Wild Dog, Striped Hyenas, Indian Porcupine, Mongoose.
Ecological Importance
1Migratory Corridor: Part of the Central Asian Flyway, supporting long-distance bird migration.
2Biodiversity Hotspot: Habitat for both resident and migratory species, including threatened birds.
3Wetland Ecosystem Services:
oFlood control
oWater purification
oCarbon sequestration
4Research & Education: Provides opportunities for ornithological studies and ecotourism.
IAS-2026 - OPTIONAL / GEOGRAPHY / PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION / SOCIOLOGY / ANTHROPOLOGY / ORIENTATION ON 03 & 04-10-2025 
